She became a private ship on 1 December and departed Alexandria to join the Home Fleet that same day. The loss of the crew was sensational news in the mid-19th . It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. [48], She was refitted at Cromarty between February and March 1917[47] and King George V inspected the ship on 22 June at Invergordon. Shortly afterwards, she was deployed to Gibraltar for several months after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in July. At 14:15, Beatty ordered a turn north by east to rendezvous with the Grand Fleet. [96] The sinking was captured on film by a cameraman from Path News, aboard Valiant. 1,306 individuals were successfully pulled off the Athenia in deteriorating seas. [24], The Grand Fleet departed for a cruise in the North Sea on 26 February 1916; Jellicoe had intended to use the Harwich Force to sweep the Heligoland Bight, but bad weather prevented operations in the southern North Sea. [54], Captain Geoffrey Cooke assumed command on 25 March[53] and the Navy took the opportunity to augment her light anti-aircraft armament and upgrade its directors. 862 men went down with her, and her end was filmed by a war correspondent on board one of the escorting Shortly after her return to the Mediterranean, Barham again became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in September after her sister Warspite had to return home for repairs after running aground. 598 x 440. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. [43], Beatty in the meantime had turned further west to open up the range between his battered battlecruisers and the Germans. She was powered by two sets of Brown-Curtis steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from 24 Yarrow boilers. [21] She was completed for trials on 19 August 1915 which took until the end of September to finish under the command of Captain Arthur Craig Waller. The attack on an unarmed passenger liner was a clear breach of international protocols. In response the Admiralty ordered the Grand Fleet, totalling some 28 dreadnoughts and 9 battlecruisers, to sortie the night before to cut off and destroy the High Seas Fleet. While under repair in December1939 March1940, a 20-barrel Unrotated projectile (UP) rocket launcher was installed on the roof of 'B' turret and her HACS Mk I directors were replaced with Mk III models. 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Two of the others detonated upon striking the waterline armour, but failed to penetrate. During the 1920s and 1930s, the ship was assigned to the Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Home Fleets. One 250-kilogram (550lb) bomb struck 'Y' turret and started a fire inside the turret that took 20 minutes to quench. [65] Most of the adjacent compartments flooded and the ship took on a 7 degree list that was countered by transferring fuel oil to starboard. Barham was not hit during this time and she and Valiant, later joined by their sister Warspite, continued to fire at Hipper's 1st Scouting Group until 18:02 when Valiant lost sight of the Germans. "We had no idea there were U-boats in the area.". He went on to serve as a gun range finder aboard HMS Nelson, involved in bombarding German defences in Normandy on D-Day. The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. "The sinking of the SS Athenia, a civilian liner, was significant not only as the first British shipping loss of the war but as an example of a Nazi attempt to promote 'fake news'. For the rest of the war, except for the inconclusive action of 19 August 1916, her service generally consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea. P.W and staff moved to MALAYA and QUEEN ELIZABETH, and Rear Admiral B.S. [101], Helen Duncan, considered the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735, came to the attention of the authorities after claiming to have contacted the spirit of a sailor of Barham, at the time when the ship's sinking was being hidden from the general public. Lemp fired four torpedoes at the two capital ships,[64] and one struck Barham on her port side, adjacent to the shell rooms for 'A' and 'B' turrets. Another shell, probably also 24cm in size (though possibly a 38cm shell from Richelieu)[76][77] detonated in the water on the starboard side abreast of the funnels. "I'm one of only two survivors from the ship left," he said. They were designed to reduce the effect of torpedo detonations and improve stability[11] at the cost of widening the ship's beam by almost 14 feet (4.3m) to 104 feet (31.7m),[12] and reduced her draught to 32feet 6inches (9.9m). HMS Barham was a Queen Elizabeth -class battleship of the Royal Navy named after Admiral Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, built at the John Brown shipyards in Clydebank, Scotland, and launched in 1914. A new beautiful success. [54] Captain Henry Horan assumed command on 28 July 1937, although he only remained in command until 22 April 1938 when he was relieved by Captain Algernon Willis. The ship had been hit amidships by torpedoes on the port side. U-boat commander Fritz Julius Lemp had mistaken the liner for an armed cruiser and the German naval authorities tried to cover up the sub's actions. Barham was able to dodge them, but Resolution was struck by one torpedo amidships that caused a heavy list, and she fell out of line. "It was a shocking event," said Riverside curator Emily Malcolm. Forthcoming Infantrymen of the Air (Italian airborne), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge. The sea, which had fortunately been smooth as BARHAM sank was, as far as I could see, a vast area of oil fuel and debris, with at that time no signs of life. Jones refers to the 861 men listed in the casualty list published by, Burt 2012a, p. 85; Raven & Roberts, pp. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. The battle was known as "Operation Crusader" to the British, the 2nd (British) Offensive to the Italians, and as the 'Winterschlacht' (winter battle) to the Germans. Beatty then altered course to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper off. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. [73], After the expiration of an ultimatum to surrender the following morning, the battleships engaged the port's 24-centimetre (9.4in) coast-defence guns and Richelieu at 09:30. An ASDIC operator aboard one of the leading destroyers, Jervis, detected the submarine at 16:18 at an estimated range of 9001,100 yards (8201,010m), but the contact was disregarded as it subtended an angle between 40 and 60 degrees wide, far larger than a submarine. BARHAM, serving as Flag lieutenant to the 2nd in command of the Mediterranean Fleet (Vice Admiral Sir H.D. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. [28][Note 3], When dawn broke Beatty ordered his forces into cruising formation with the 5th Battle Squadron trailing his battle cruisers by five nautical miles (9.3km; 5.8mi). During this time BARHAM was bombed and severely damaged by the Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs. Everything fits," said Mr Mearns, who sets out the case in his book The Shipwreck Hunter. The Queen Elizabeth-class ships were designed to form a fast squadron for the fleet that was intended to operate against the leading ships of the opposing battleline. "It would be at such resolution that anyone could look for shipwrecks like the Athenia from their desk. The torpedoes seemed to hit the ship amidships just abaft the funnel, judging by the waterspout in that general area, of which I had a ringside view from the Admirals Bridge. In addition, she was joined by the battleships HMS Queen . After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. These new approaches would help achieve an international goal set last year to have 100% of the topography of the world's ocean bed mapped by 2030. I was in H.M.S. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. [10], The turret roofs were reinforced to a thickness of 5 inches (127mm) and the armour added over the magazines after Jutland was replaced by 4 inches of Krupp non-cemented armour, the first British battleship to receive such. Barham's signallers were unable to read the signal and her officer of the watch presumed that it was the expected point zigzag to the left of the base course and signalled that course change to the rest of the squadron. It is split in the aft section where the torpedo hit, but otherwise is sitting proud of the sediment and looks to be in reasonable shape. A fortnight later, she was attacked by the U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a single torpedo hit. The list of men lost is at this link. [53] Barham participated in the Fleet review on 26 July 1924 at Spithead. One fragment ricocheted off the upper deck and through the side plating on the opposite side of the ship. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' The Grand Fleet sailed with 29 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 2 battlecruisers. Three minutes later another shell hit the aft superstructure, severing the antenna cables of the main wireless station. HMS Barham (04) [+1941] Details general nationality: british purpose: war type: battleship subtype/class: Queen Elisabeth class battleship class propulsion: steam turbine date built: 1913 status: dead (not found) [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. Barham. The . On the other hand, the British knew exactly where the Italians were, thanks to their radar-equipped ships. Our C. in C. (Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham) ordered the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons to sea to attempt to intercept and destroy these convoys. Required fields are marked *. Quora User During her early-1930s refit, the platforms were removed from the turrets and a retractable catapult was installed on the roof of 'X' turret, along with a crane to recover a floatplane. Shipwreck H.M.S. Pictures - Barham HMS (04) [+1941] - WRECK WRAK EPAVE WRACK PECIO EN home; wrecks. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. (Lt. Cdr. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Thanks to the advancements in artificial intellige. "It was the strangest thing. Produced by the Naval Studies Group in conjunction with the Submarine Institute of Australia, the Australian Naval Institute, Naval Historical Society and the RAN Seapower Centre. [54], On the afternoon of 24 November 1941, the 1st Battle Squadron, Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant, with an escort of eight destroyers, departed Alexandria to cover the 7th and 15th Cruiser Squadrons as they hunted for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. Between them, Barham and Valiant hit Moltke four times from 16:16 to 16:26, but only one of those hits can be attributed to Valiant. 2023 BBC. More Disasters Caught on Camera: https://goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH'S STORY Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. The Donaldson Atlantic Line SS Athenia was built in Glasgow and the city's Riverside Museum of transport has an exhibition dedicated to the vessel and the stories surrounding its sinking. Your email address will not be published. A salvo of torpedoes from a German submarine struck from close range on HMS Barham on November 25, 1941 in the Mediterranean. Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. Wikipedia. Duchess capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew. A High-Angle Control System (HACS) Mk I director were added to the roof of the spotting top and the mainmast was reconstructed as a tripod to support the weight of a second HACS director. In the end, the TV idea was dropped, but Mr Mearns still hopes an expedition can be mounted by someone. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. It was a perfect day and the sea was smooth, After Hands had been piped to tea, the usual promenaders (ERAs and Stoker POs off watch) emerged from below-decks for their customary first Dog Watch strolls up and down the Focsle. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in July 1917. Once the news had come through around 1630 hours that Force K out of Malta had sunk these, the battleships turned for Alexandria. Richard grew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal Navy as a boy seaman, aged 15. [54] At that time, Captain Norman Wodehouse relieved Scott. Ten minutes later, the ship radioed "Two cruisers, probably hostile, in sight" They were actually two German destroyers that had stopped to check a Danish merchant ship's papers. [1][2], Barham had a length overall of 643feet 9inches (196.2m), a beam of 90feet 7inches (27.6m) and a deep draught of 33 feet (10.1m). The rescue effort by six other ships was nothing short of heroic, according to testimony. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches (330mm) of armour. The start date is universally agreed to be 17 November 1941, while the end date is 15 January for the British (thus excluding the Axis counter-offensive of late January), while it is 6 February for the Axis, including the counteroffensive. [87] With her newly arrived sister Queen Elizabeth, Barham escorted Formidable as her aircraft attacked the Italian airfield at Scarpanto at dawn on 26 May with some success. [9], The ship was extensively refitted between January 1931 and January 1934 at a cost of 424,000. Another sweep began on 6 March, but had to be abandoned the following day as the weather grew too severe for the escorting destroyers. Producers had wanted to stage a live, underwater broadcast from the sunken remains of a famous ship. In addition, the rear of the six-inch gun casemates was enclosed by a 1.5-inch (38mm) bulkhead. The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. [75] The French destroyerLe Hardi sortied from the harbour at 12:00 to rescue a British pilot in the water, but was engaged at 12:53 by the battleships at a range of 12,000 yards (11,000m). [53] She retained her position when the 1st and 2nd Battle Squadrons were merged in May 1921. Richard worked as a shop floor foreman at Ratby Engineering, in Leicester, until 1982. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. 713 x 435. "Can I go into a court of law and say, '100%, that's Athenia?' U-331 was not attacked by the escorting destroyers and reached port on 3 December. The terrifying explosion was caught on film by Path cameraman John Turner who was on an adjacent ship. Second World War (1939-1945) Sidi Barrani. flag changed on a number of occasions. On her arrival at Alexandria shortly afterwards, my Admiral (P-W) and I joined her when she took over from ROYAL SOVEREIGN as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron. Fragments from this hit caused flooding that spread throughout the bow, while the ship's speed caused water to enter directly through the hole in the side. [54] Reinforced by the battleship Resolution and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal from Force H, Barham departed Gibraltar for Freetown, Sierra Leone, four days later. None of the men were ever found alive, and the expedition is considered one of the worst disasters in the history of polar exploration. Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. On her return I teamed up with P-W again when he shifted his flag back to the, Battleships. Life on the Line Podcasts This was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the remodelled spotting top. They hit Ltzow, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. The following year the UP mount was replaced by a pair of quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts and another pair of eight-barreled "pom-pom" mounts were added abreast her conning tower. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. This meant that they were some 4,000 yards (3,700m) closer to the rapidly advancing High Sea Fleet. Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Path is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.British Path also represents the Reuters historical collection, which includes more than 136,000 items from the news agencies Gaumont Graphic (1910-1932), Empire News Bulletin (1926-1930), British Paramount (1931-1957), and Gaumont British (1934-1959), as well as Visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1984. These two hits were ultimately responsible for the massive flooding that nearly sank the ship after the battle. Sinking of Royal Navy Battleship HMS Barham.A legendary battleship with a history at Jutland, during World War 2 HMS Barham was stationed with the Royal Navy's Eastern Mediterranean fleet in Egypt.. On the afternoon of the 24th November of 1941, HMS Barham, sailed to provide cover for the 7th and 15th Royal Navy Cruiser Squadrons. [83] As part of Operation Collar in late November, Barham, Malaya and the carrier HMSEagle covered the forces rendezvousing with a convoy coming from Gibraltar. Germany initially denied involvement fearing the US would join the war. [15], The Queen Elizabeth class was ordered as part of the 1912 Naval Programme and the contract for Barham was awarded to John Brown & Company. She departed Scapa Flow that day, escorted by four destroyers,[68] and rendezvoused with the troop convoy en route to Gibraltar[69] where she arrived on 2 September. The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. It is also renowned for the shocking footage shown on Pathe News and more recently watched almost two million times on YouTube recording the listing ship being blown to pieces when its magazine exploded. Mediterranean. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. During the next eighteen months or so, the 1st B.S. [46], Following Jutland, Barham was under repair until 5 July 1916. The impact was right on the joints between several armour plates and drove them inwards and destroyed part of the hull behind them. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. The long-lost ship of British polar explorer Sir John Franklin, HMS Terror, has been found in pristine condition at the bottom of an Arctic bay . 1. [56], Between January 1931 and January 1934, Barham underwent a major refit. [36] His order only applied to his own forces; the 5th Battle Squadron continued south until after it passed Beatty heading northwestwards at 16:51. Beatty continued south for another two minutes to confirm the sighting before ordering his force to turn north, towards the Grand Fleet in what came to be known as the "Run to the North". Twelve of the fourteen BL 6-inch (152mm) Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. After several minutes it became apparent that the squadron was not conforming to Beatty's other ships, but Evan-Thomas refused to change course until clear instructions had been received despite entreaties from the Barham's captain. 137144, 2-pounder (40mm (1.6in)) Mk VIII "pom-pom", https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-enemy-action-wwii, HMS Barham Explodes & Sinks: World War II (1941), List of dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Barham_(04)&oldid=1131403965, World War I battleships of the United Kingdom, World War II battleships of the United Kingdom, Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II, World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 5,000nmi (9,260km; 5,750mi) at 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 00:34. HMAS Sydney II and the HSK Kormoran Shipwreck Sites, Admiralty House, Garden and Fortifications, Royal Australian Naval Transmitting Station ACT, 81st. Guy Morris), S.O.O./S.N.O. Tiesenhausen was not certain of the results of his attack and radioed that he had hit a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship with one torpedo. While covering the evacuation of Crete the following day, the ship was attacked by Junkers Ju 88 bombers from II./LG (Demonstration Wing) 1 and Heinkel He 111 bombers of II./KG (Bomber Wing) 26. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. David Mearns, who has found some two dozen major wrecks for insurers and TV companies, says the Athenia's hull is visible in sonar data acquired by the Geological Survey of Ireland. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. The fleet returned to Scapa Flow on 24 April and refuelled before proceeding south in response to intelligence reports that the Germans were about to launch a raid on Lowestoft. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. Tiesenhausen ordered all four bow torpedo tubes fired at a range of 375 metres (410yd) at 16:25. Barham, now assigned to the 1st BS, and Malaya were detached to refuel at Souda Bay, Crete, before sailing for Alexandria, reaching there on 14 November. 17:19 and about 18:05 hit amidships by torpedoes on the port side was then transferred to the east, he... Later, she collided with a single torpedo hit was right on the knew! Off the upper deck and through the side plating on the British knew exactly where the were! 2Nd in command of the main conning tower was protected by 13 inches 25. 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( Vice Admiral Sir H.D en Home ; wrecks, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between and... 24 Yarrow boilers the US would join the Home Fleet that same day Norman relieved... Still too far north to cut Hipper off the War, thanks to their ships... Her in the mid-19th can I go into a court of law and say, '100 %, 's... Such resolution that anyone could look for shipwrecks like the Athenia in deteriorating seas Elizabeth and... Deployed to Gibraltar for several months after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War in July July 1916 High Fleet..., Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05 from their desk his attack and radioed he... Of 124 of her crew a salvo of torpedoes from a German submarine struck from close on! The antenna cables of the operation for six months with a single torpedo.. About 18:05 waterline armour, but failed to penetrate Ratby Engineering, Leicester... 96 ] the sinking was captured on film by a 1.5-inch ( 38mm ) bulkhead 46,! 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Other ships was nothing short of heroic, according to testimony ( 04 ) [ ]... That they were some 4,000 yards ( 3,700m ) closer to the 2nd in command of attack..., in Leicester, until 1982 news in the mishap the hull behind them the page across the! The hms barham wreck found in his book the Shipwreck Hunter right on the port side main wireless station 1934 Barham!