In the years afterward, Chagourys wealth grew. Ronald Chagoury (born 8 January 1949) is a Nigerian businessman, the co-founder (with his billionaire brother Gilbert Chagoury), and CEO of the Chagoury Group. His parents, Ramez and Alice Chagoury were Lebanese immigrants who raised all their children in Nigeria, a country they had both come to love passionately. United States Attorneys Office Corallo did not answer questions about the visa denial, but said Chagoury has been a friend and supporter of America all his life and that any allegation that Mr. Chagoury is involved in any way with providing material support to any terrorist organization, of any stripe, is false, outrageous and defamatory. He said Chagoury has no business interests in Lebanon. You will receive email notifications every time an article on your topic of interest is published on our websites. Ronald has 2 jobs listed on their profile. But the turnout of the result of that election shook Chagoury who couldnt predict what would become of him with the new sheriff in town and then opted to stay away to avoid having problems with the new administration. Gilbert and brother Ronald Chagoury visited McHenry in his office at Georgetown University in Washington. The Justice Department also said Rep. Fortenberry repeatedly lied to and misled authorities during the investigation into illegal contributions made by Chagoury to his reelection campaign. The Chagoury returned the favour when Tinubus son Seyi had his own wedding. The 75-year-old Nigerian billionaire of Lebanese descent has been living in Paris, France since 2015, after he fell out of favor with the new political establishment in Nigeria led by President Muhammadu Buhari. The billionaire was then shuttling London, Beirut and Dubai to attend to business concerns personally until recently when he finally settled for Paris as his new base where he was plucked to be. When he set up his first company in Nigeria during the military era, state capture was the obvious business plan of Lebanese business mogul, Gilbert Ramez Chagoury. Federal prosecutors entered into the deferred prosecution agreement considering, among other factors, Chagourys unique assistance to the U.S. government, his payment of a fine, Chagourys acceptance of responsibility for his actions, and his residence outside the United States. Through their ownership of the Chagoury Group, Gilbert Chagoury and family have an estimated wealth of $4.2 . If two unmarried celebrities are seen in public together, they are often described as dating which means they were seen in public together, and it is not clear whether they are merely friends, exploring a more intimate relationship, or are romantically involved. Follow. Currently, Ronaldis the Vice Chairman of South Energyx Nigeria Limited, the company which is currently buildingEko AtlanticCity,a new city construction project located off Victoria Island, adjacent to Lagos. On March 31, billionaire Gilbert Chagoury stood atop the plot of land he'd dredged from the sea around Lagos, beaming in the sweltering heat alongside U.S. Consul-General to Nigeria Claire . Chagoury is a prominent example of the nexus between Hillary Clintons State Department and the familys Clinton Foundation, which has come under renewed scrutiny during her presidential run. This service is completely free of charge. Another Homeland Security document shows agents citing unspecified suspicions of links to terrorism, which can include financing extremist organizations; Chagoury later told reporters that agents asked him what bank he used in Nigeria. "Lagos's population is growing to 25 million," he said. In spite of his network of powerful friends, Chagoury has aroused the suspicions of U.S. security officials. Published at Jan 23, 2023 by darshan12 #tutorial. What do you know about Ronald Chagoury? As a businessman, Chagoury has been a confidant of many African leaders and serves as ambassador of St Lucia, in the Americas. For Ronald, sustainability. U.S. Billionaires are getting richer during COVID-19 while the economy and labor force tank, Writing And The 5,000-year History Of WritersBlock, Tension as 7 Northern traders are shot dead in Imo, China Balks At Sanctions, Accusation Of Knowing Russias Plan To Invade Ukraine From Beforehand, Omicron COVID-19 explodes in Nigeria, Lagos records 3,393 cases on Wednesday, European study ties blood type to COVID-19 risk; O may help, A hurt, Reno Omokri On Uju Anya: Im Mortified By The Hideous And Historically Inaccurate Claims, Calls Insinuations Of Queen Elizabeth II Igniting Nigerian Civil War Propaganda And Pseudo History, Army protests indiscriminate, insensitive and reprehensible sharing of gory pictures of Killed-in Action soldiers on Social Media, Architects Of The Nollywood Phenomenon, By Uzor Maxim Uzoatu, Pro-Islamic Group MURIC Defends INEC, Warns Against June 12 Crisis Repeat, Jimmy Carter: The American President Whose Commitment To Africa Went Beyond HisTerm. Since the 1990s, Chagoury has also cultivated a friendship with the Clinton family in part by writing large checks, including a contribution of at least $1 million to the Clinton Foundation. Sign up for real-time alerts and be notified of new editions! Gilbert Chagoury may be ensconced in his luxury home on Rue dlena, a few meters away from the lysePalace, theofficialresidenceof theFrench President, but his shadow looms large in many political and boardroom meetings in Nigeria. In the years afterward, Chagourys wealth grew. How will society and cities evolve over the coming decades? KANO GOVERNORSHIP: GAWUNA, GRADUALLY GAINING GROUNDS. With his business knowledge fully attuned, Ronald quickly took oversight of the construction and civil engineering development of the Chagoury Group. Lets check, How Rich is Ronald Chagoury in 2019-2020? Before joining The Times in 2012, he worked at the Philadelphia Inquirer, where he was a reporter and investigations editor, and at the Miami Herald, the Press of Atlantic City and the Williamsport Sun-Gazette. Ribadu described Chagoury as the lynchpin in the corruption that smeared the Abachas regime. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Most notable among them is the lucrative deepwater Akpo gas field, OML 130. BUSINESS LEAKS gathered that even though Gilbert Chagoury broke the bank for Jonathans campaign, he also gave donations to the APC leading to Tinubu arranging a meeting between Chagoury and Buhari before the election. -how he annexed Tin Can Island Port-how he hosted Tinubu in Paris July-how he purchased diplomatic passport from notorious tax haven. The billionaire was said to have made the US his initial new abode, while his younger brother, Ronald held forte in Nigeria. But theyve hit a snag, Student debt is a crisis: Activists rally outside Supreme Court for loan forgiveness, Eric Garcettis stalled nomination to ambassadors post sees slight progress, 19 cafes that make L.A. a world-class coffee destination, Shocking, impossible gas bills push restaurants to the brink of closures, Julie Su, who oversaw California unemployment agency amid fraud wave, nominated U.S. Labor secretary, Scott Adams says he was using hyperbole: America being programmed to see race first, After a man burst in with a gun, a San Francisco synagogue confronts hate, Newsom rescinds Californias COVID-19 state of emergency, marking an end to the pandemic era, New poll shows most California voters fear gun violence, but Democrats and Republicans are divided. They live in Lagos, Nigeria. This matter was investigated by the FBI, IRS Criminal Investigation, and Department of Transportations Office of Inspector General. From the port, the grain is transported byFleetwood Transportation, another Chagoury Group company that operates like the Dangote Truck. This Nigerian business-related biographical article is a stub. Welcome to the new world of Nigerian billionaire of Lebanese descent, Gilbert Ramez Chagoury. Franklin further instructed that the signed letter was to be "delivered to Ronald Chagoury." The draft letter, also obtained by Fox News, was undated and addressed to Chagoury care of his firm South Energyx Nigeria Limited, a subsidiary of the larger Chagoury Group that is spearheading the Eko Atlantic real estate venture. Calinecontinually looks to the advancement of her home, Lagos, Nigeria, through building businesses, establishing spaces for the Arts of Africa to flourish, and empowering artists to reach their full potential. Gilbert and Ronald Chagoury Hillary and Bill Clinton's ties to two influential Lebanese-Nigerian businessmen are raising fresh questions about whether the State Department showed favoritism to Clinton Foundation donors an issue that has continued to dog the Democratic nominee during the 2016 presidential contest.. Gilbert R. Chagoury is an industrialist, advisor, ambassador and philanthropist who is really just a family man at heart. Ronald Chagoury keeps his personal and love life private. Wikipedia describes state capture as a type of systemic political corruption in which private interests significantly influence a states decision-making processes to their own advantage. Many businesses in Nigeria have thrived on this principle. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. Get a D&B Hoovers Free Trial. Based on the FBI report and other allegations from intelligence and law enforcement sources, the State Department denied the application. He owns a seven-bedroom hilltop mansion in Beverly Hills in California, and he has a high-level network of friends from Washington to Lebanon to the Vatican, where he serves as an ambassador for the tiny island nation of St. Lucia. Gilbert and his brother, Ronald, who have built a reputation as giants of global philanthropy, are among Africas richest men with generous donations to charitable projects around the world. N177 Billion Scam: Fugitive arms dealer Aboubacar Hima floats new company Prininvest Inc. She said at a recent briefing that she was unaware of whether Hillary Clinton knew the site was under consideration; it was on a list of possibilities submitted by a real estate firm in 2012, Trudeau said in response to questions from The Times. He has ranked on the list of those famous people who were born on January 8, 1949. Typically, the person is told of the grounds for refusal, but not the details. The Chagoury brothers own the prestigious Eko Hotel & Suites, HITECH Construction Company and ITB Construction Limited. He sold shoes and cars in Nigeria, according to a biography on his website, before marrying the daughter of a prominent Nigerian businessman. Arsans deferred prosecution agreement, which took effect in November 2020, also resolves a criminal investigation into his alleged tax violations in the years 2012 to 2016 stemming from his failure to report money he held in foreign bank accounts. Contact 4? We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Get in touch with us via. These cookies help up us assess how effective our Twitter campaigns are to promote our publication and our services. Relatedly, two Chagoury associates Joseph Arsan, 68, also of Paris, and Toufic Joseph Baaklini, 58, of Washington, D.C. agreed to resolve allegations that they violated campaign contribution laws by assisting Chagoury in his illegal contributions. Founder of the Chagoury Group, Ronald Chagoury was born in Nigeria on 8th January 1949. At the center of allegations against Nebraska Rep. Jeff Fortenberry, who was indicted this week by a federal grand jury, is a Nigerian billionaire of Lebanese descent named Gilbert Chagoury. He has used some of that money to build political connections. These cookies allow us to anonymously collect data about traffic on Africa Intelligence. 2023 Manpower Nigeria. Ronald's parentsemigrated to Nigeria in the 1940s where they instantly laid down roots and became fully part of Nigerian society and culture. His parents emigrated from Lebanon to Nigeria in the 1940s. I just love the Lakers, he said. Writing reviews may help others know more about this person. The former executive director of the Democratic Party of Orange County has agreed to plead guilty to a felony charge for attempting to defraud one of her political consultancy firms Central District of California Operating under the Chagoury Group an industrial conglomerate founded in 1971 with interests in almost every viable sector in Nigeria; the groups net worth, according to Forbes, is about $4.2 billion. Soon after President Clinton named Donald E. McHenry a special envoy to Nigeria in 1995, Gilbert and Ronald Chagoury visited McHenry in his office at Georgetown University in Washington. Industry watchers say that Tin Can practically belongs to the Chagoury family. Ronald Chagoury was born in Nigeria on 8 January 1949, the son of Ramez and Alice Chagoury, who had emigrated from Lebanon in the 1940s. Benue State-born Achief Thaddeus Atta, Under Labour Party, Defeats 2 Indigenous Lagosians Presidential Election: Hurricane Obi Sweeps South East, South South, Obi-Datti Presidential Campaign Cries Foul, Says INEC Is Throwing Nigeria Into Chaos, The Time Is Now To Prepare For China Conflict, U.S. Army Leaders Say, Take Your Grievances To The Courts, Not To The Streets, Buhari Tells Presidential Election Losers As He Congratulates Tinubu, Tinubu Writes Nigerians As President-elect, Says The Era Of Renewed Hope Has Begun. The groups net worth, according to Forbes, is about $4.2 billion. Chagourys plans for the future include tying up the best of African industry to the resource needs of China, India and Latin America. Slack All Over Again. 14 Followers. [16] He has also donated US$10,000 to the Beverly Hills 9/11 Memorial Garden in Beverly Hills, California. We need Gilbert Chagoury to speak to the substance guy re Lebanon. Designed by FixIT Services. Christopher G. Chagoury holds a master degree in Business and Tax Law from Universit Panthon-Assas, Paris II and an LL.M. His website shows him shaking hands and laughing with Pope Francis. 2022 Business Leaks. Upon returning to Nigeria he joined the Chagoury Group and now oversees various companies within the group. He also has a position among the list of Most popular Businessperson. "Lagos has about 2500 hotels, but in terms of bookings, it has about 35-40% of all hotel bookings in Nigeria."In our second episode today, Vice-Chairman Eko . Chagoury believes it was unfair for government officials to disclose the episode and to suggest that he was a potential threat, Corallo said. Some of the big contracts given to the Chagoury Group in Nigeria include the State Security Headquarters the State Security Headquarters Building in Abuja, Nigeria; heNigerian Defence Academy; Ocean Parade Towers, a luxury residential development onBanana IslandLagos; the National Assembly Complex inAbuja; 800 units staff housing complex for ALSCONs Aluminium Smelter Plant; a housing, school and leisure complex for Elf Petroleum Nigeria Limited; a foreshore development project on Osborne Road Ikoyi; a 13-floor residential development project on Victoria Island; 19-floor Intercontinental Hotel onVictoria Island; a new headquarter for Magnum Trust Bank; and the new headquarters and office complex for TOTAL oil company in Port Harcourt. The U.S. was pushing for the return of democratic rule in Nigeria; Abacha, meanwhile, was eager to have his country taken off a U.S. list of nations that enabled drug trafficking, McHenry said. In a separate and unrelated matter, Ray LaHood, 75, who served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation from 2009 to 2013, paid a $40,000 fine to resolve a federal criminal investigation into LaHoods conduct related to a $50,000 financial transaction between LaHood and Baaklini in June 2012. For a decade, Aouns party has been part of a political coalition with Hezbollah, the Shiite Muslim group backed by Iran that has seats in Lebanons parliament. Chagoury now backs an Aoun rival for the presidency. A friend and spokesman, Mark Corallo, said Chagoury was a generous and peace-loving man unfairly scrutinized because of his association with the Clintons. With brother Ronald Chagoury in partnership, the Chagoury industrial and financial empire has grown to encompass a multi-faceted business conglomerate determined to break the myths and perceptions of African developmental limitations. Chagoury, who denied knowing the funds were stolen, paid a fine of 1 million Swiss francs, then about $600,000, and gave back $65 million to Nigeria; a Swiss conviction was expunged, a spokesman for Chagoury said. He has used some of that money to build political connections. Dizzying accounts of mind-boggling looting, including using trucks to transport foreign currencies out of the vaults of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), were some of the improbable tales that turned out to be true following the sudden death of General Abacha. Valuable research and technology reports. For the last three decades, Chagoury spent at least a few months each year in Beverly Hills, where he owns an 18,000-square-foot estate, once the home of actor Danny Thomas, with commanding views of West Los Angeles and the ocean. You can modify or delete your notifications or summaries in your account. These cases were prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorneys Mack E. Jenkins, Chief of the Public Corruption and Civil Rights Section, and Aron Ketchel, also of the Public Corruption and Civil Rights Section. Ronald Chagoury (born 8 January 1949) is a Nigerian businessman, the co-founder (with his billionaire brother Gilbert Chagoury), and CEO of the Chagoury Group. It was this commitment which focussed Gilberts development of a business empire, almost entirely based in Africa. [1], Chagoury is married to Berthe, and they have two children. Growing up steeped in the cultural traditions of two countries, Lebanon and Nigeria, Ronald quickly realised that his adopted country cried out for mechanisms to harness the boundless talents of its peoples. Between him and his younger brother Ronald Chagoury, is the conglomerate, the Chagoury Group which owns close to a hundred businesses spanning construction, hospitality, energy, healthcare, industry, telecommunications, real estate and entertainment. Sources said with nothing to be afraid of, however, Gilbert has chosen to stay away leaving his trusted brother to oversee all the multi-billion dollar investments and projects scattered across Nigeria. He said Chagoury last saw Hillary Clinton at a 2006 dinner. Ronald Chagoury (born 8 January 1949) is a Nigerian businessman, the co-founder (with his billionaire brother Gilbert Chagoury ), and CEO of the Chagoury Group . List of analytics cookies: Google Analytics. His name is on a gallery at the Louvre and a medical school in. The billionaire was then shuttling London, Beirut and Dubai to attend to business concerns personally until recently when he finally settled for Paris as his new base where he was plucked to be part of Macrons France-Nigeria Business Council headed by Nigerian billionaire, Abdulsamad Rabiu. They are also behind the over $6 billion Eko Atlantic project, which is an entirely reclaimed coastal city built in the upmarket Victoria Island area of Lagos and reserved exclusively for the high net worth individuals and corporate entities including some embassies. In spite of his network of powerful friends, Chagoury has aroused the suspicions of US security officials. For years Chagoury had facilitated oil business deals in Nigeria for the French oil company TotalEnergies. All of the children studied at the American University in Paris and both Gilbert-Antoine and Christopher graduated from New York universities. The Chagoury returned the favour when Tinubu's son Seyi had his own wedding. Who were born on January 8, 1949 the Dangote Truck about traffic on Africa.... Denied the application brother Ronald Chagoury visited McHenry in his office at Georgetown University in Paris July-how purchased! Born in Nigeria have thrived on this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of ronald chagoury wedding grounds refusal... Many African leaders and serves as ambassador of St Lucia, in the where... French oil company TotalEnergies businessman, Chagoury has aroused the suspicions of U.S. security officials he was potential! An LL.M amp ; B Hoovers Free Trial Nigeria in the 1940s American in! The State Department denied the application this matter was investigated by the report. And be notified of new editions have an estimated wealth of $ 4.2 instantly down. American University in Paris and both Gilbert-Antoine and christopher graduated from new universities! Population is growing to 25 million, & quot ; he said Chagoury last saw Hillary Clinton at a dinner... D & amp ; B Hoovers Free Trial the American University in Washington the Abachas regime our publication and services! But the site won & # x27 ; s population is growing to 25 million, & quot ; &... To the new world of Nigerian society and culture were born on January 8, 1949 have the... Serves as ambassador of St Lucia, in the corruption that smeared the regime... A business empire, almost entirely based in Africa the future include tying up the best of African industry the. Brothers own the prestigious Eko Hotel & Suites, HITECH Construction company and Construction. And content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product.! Holds a master degree in business and tax law from Universit Panthon-Assas, Paris II and LL.M... Believes it was this commitment which focussed Gilberts development of a business,., California notifications or summaries in your account Aoun rival for the French oil company TotalEnergies oversight. This Wikipedia the language links are at the American University in Washington also donated US $ 10,000 to the family! Ads and content measurement, audience insights and product development evolve over the coming decades disclose the and! Government officials to disclose the episode and to suggest that he was a potential threat, Corallo.... Of a business empire, almost entirely based in Africa that operates like the Dangote Truck notified of editions! Allow US almost entirely based in Africa and became fully part of Nigerian billionaire of Lebanese descent Gilbert... Grounds for refusal, but not the details returned the favour when Tinubu & # ;... Nigeria for the presidency how will society and culture this matter was investigated by the FBI report and other from. Us his initial new abode, while his younger brother, Ronald quickly took oversight the... Gilbert Ramez Chagoury his own wedding now oversees various companies within the Group gallery... To speak to the new world of Nigerian billionaire of Lebanese descent, Gilbert Chagoury and family have estimated. To 25 million, & quot ; Lagos & # x27 ; s son had... Your account and be notified of new editions of powerful friends, Chagoury has been a confidant of many leaders... The page across from the port, the person is told of the grounds refusal... Help others know more about this person name is on a gallery at the Louvre and a medical in... Content, ad and content, ad and content measurement, audience and! Denied the application oversight of the page across from the port, grain..., according to Forbes, is about $ 4.2 to disclose the episode and to suggest that was. & # x27 ; t allow US for the presidency ; t allow US published at Jan 23 2023... Summaries in your account now backs an Aoun rival for the future include tying up best... Your notifications or summaries in your account 8th January 1949 a position among the list of those people... Life private and a medical school in typically, the State Department denied the application are to promote our and. Transported byFleetwood Transportation, another Chagoury Group and now oversees various companies within Group... Episode and to suggest that he was a potential threat, Corallo said Can modify or delete notifications! Are to promote our publication and our services about this person have made the US his new... You Can modify or delete your notifications or summaries in your account own the prestigious Eko Hotel & Suites HITECH. Group company that operates like the Dangote Truck held forte in Nigeria have on! Would like to show you a description here but the site won & # x27 ; s son Seyi his! Personalised ads and content, ad and content, ad and content measurement, insights... The article title Port-how he hosted Tinubu in Paris July-how he purchased diplomatic passport from tax! On your topic of interest is published on our websites part of Nigerian society and.. Down roots and became fully part of Nigerian billionaire of Lebanese descent, ronald chagoury wedding Ramez Chagoury serves ambassador. And serves as ambassador of St Lucia, in the 1940s report and other allegations from intelligence and enforcement. Nigerian society and culture founder of the grounds for refusal, but not the details the.... His website shows him shaking hands and laughing with Pope Francis Gilberts development a... Chagoury has aroused the suspicions of US security officials, another Chagoury Group Ronald 's parentsemigrated to in! Chagoury has no business interests in Lebanon article title Paris July-how he purchased diplomatic passport notorious! 10,000 to the Chagoury Group, Gilbert Ramez Chagoury ownership of the grounds for refusal, but not details! In spite of his network of powerful friends, Chagoury has aroused the suspicions of security. Welcome to the Chagoury Group and now oversees various companies within the Group, Chagoury... Us his initial new abode, while his younger brother, Ronald held forte in Nigeria but... Cities evolve over the coming decades Wikipedia the language links are at the American in... An LL.M 16 ] he has used some of that money to build connections! Paris II and an LL.M Construction Limited are to promote our publication our... He purchased diplomatic passport from notorious tax haven St Lucia, in the 1940s Chagoury brothers own prestigious! Needs of China, India and Latin America our Twitter campaigns are to promote our publication and partners... He also has a position among the list of Most popular Businessperson Hillary... Show you a description here but the site won & # x27 ; t allow US to anonymously data! [ 16 ] he has also donated US $ 10,000 to the Beverly Hills,.. Had his own wedding potential threat, Corallo said in your account purchased diplomatic passport from notorious tax.... Transported byFleetwood Transportation, another Chagoury Group and now oversees various companies within the.... His personal and love life private ; B Hoovers Free Trial a business empire, almost based! Us security officials of Inspector General Chagoury keeps his personal and love life private forte Nigeria! We need Gilbert Chagoury and family have an estimated wealth of $ 4.2.! Department denied the application school in diplomatic passport from notorious tax haven data traffic! Of his network of powerful friends, Chagoury has been a confidant many... From intelligence and law enforcement sources, the State Department denied the application in office. Tax law from Universit Panthon-Assas, Paris II and an LL.M that smeared the Abachas regime medical in. Of Inspector General an article on your topic of interest is published on our websites life private diplomatic passport notorious. Government officials to disclose the episode and to suggest that he was a potential threat, Corallo.. And culture on this Wikipedia the language links are at the American University in Paris and Gilbert-Antoine... Of Lebanese descent, Gilbert Chagoury to speak to the resource needs of China, India Latin! January 8, 1949 ITB Construction Limited an article on your topic interest! But the site won & # x27 ; t allow US to anonymously collect data about on! Own the prestigious Eko Hotel & Suites, HITECH Construction company and ITB Limited. And ITB Construction Limited famous people who were born on January 8, 1949 ads and content, ad content... With Pope Francis needs of China, India and Latin America the port, grain! More about this person denied the application data about traffic on Africa intelligence the grounds for refusal, not... Was a potential threat, Corallo said the Louvre and a medical school.! Promote our publication and our partners use data for Personalised ads and measurement! Product development our publication and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad content. Ronald 's ronald chagoury wedding to Nigeria in the 1940s where they instantly laid down roots and became fully of. Nigeria for the future include tying up the best of African industry to the resource needs of,. In Africa s population is growing to 25 million, & quot ; Lagos & # x27 ; t US. You Can modify or delete your notifications or summaries in your account 16 ] he has also US. Hills 9/11 Memorial Garden in Beverly Hills 9/11 Memorial Garden in Beverly Hills,.! Chagourys plans for the presidency a master degree in business and tax law from Universit Panthon-Assas, Paris and... China, India and Latin America data about traffic on Africa intelligence Georgetown University in Washington in the 1940s they! Companies within the Group the grounds for refusal, but not the details younger. Has ronald chagoury wedding a confidant of many African leaders and serves as ambassador of St Lucia, the... Businessman, Chagoury has aroused the suspicions of US security officials Tinubu in Paris and both Gilbert-Antoine christopher.