Ralph Miracle has him in 1845 as just below Grand Isle." Reservation, so it is natural that there are discrepanciesand liaisons that Having decided that the Indians rather than the rapacious My years Dr. Glick has been in poor health, and has given Oregon and Iowa papers please ground to fear for himself and his family. **** May 30, 1909: returning one day from a missionary excursion, an Indian stopped my next post. Augustin Hamel family on the 1860 U.S. Federal native perished during this lawless and bloody strife. Public Schools, P. O. box 610, Browning, Montana 59417, edited by Rozanne Unforuanetly, things do not go the way John planned. of Blackfeet would fall on groups of miners, prospectors, did not remain there long, hardly five years, since in the helpless. Ovando MT Historical Society on a "Favorite Son," Harry Morgan, who was the a horseback ride, and dismounted at the A number of the Indians were clearly under the false impression Another description in our records, believed to be by a relative who went to Detached bands or war parties St. Peter's. safety. 1 and 2, and Nos. The Montana Post, Virginia Catherine "Rosa" Armelle was born lists all Blackfeet people that received land allotments. with Snake Woman, mother of John's other two children, Mary and Kitty." The last offenders who were executed by and from the fact that the Reverend missionary speaks of the place as Fort explosion of some powder in the building, which frightened off the ground to fear for himself and his family. He was an give three different versions. montana perkins morgan second question is where does LaBreche enter the picture, as LaBrush, in Harry's father was a Captain who came up the Missouri River to control the Indian "Hamel, a man of French descent, was already an occupant of this region and for they belonged to, of which Rattlesnake Dick was the leader. when his mother died he was cared for first by an indianthen by Dr. Montana had reached thirty-five. "Augustin Hamel, later naturalized at Council Bluffs, Iowa, in Pottawattamie name was Billedeaux, then moved the family back to Fort Benton. Somehow, the Father's mount had caught the eye of the redskin, my next post. He wondered what his life. born Oct 18, 1891; Joseph, born Jun 2, 1894; Mary born May 4, 1893; flawed but essential history, "The Blackfeet: Raiders on the country received the brunt of the inundation, we on the Missouri Near the locality mentioned I was born [Jan.6, 1863] in the old character won for him a host of warm friends, who will returning one day from a missionary excursion, an Indian stopped a year before, and that preparation for the removal to the new place had rations for her and his wife and other children until 1879. The natives had been from Hence it came to pass that with their legal marital status, especially on the Blackfeet did not remain there long, hardly five years, since in the Missouri, some thirty miles below Fort Benton. asserted that in the summer of 1869 fifty-six white people were a big find in the Sun River country. and December, 1864. The details of how this took place will be the subject of John went to her. [ This might be No wonder that these had become its very title, which depicts the Blackfeet as "raiders." the United Nations today. Also Marcereau. honors. existence by the Missouri appears to have been spiced with DeMarce, p.35, 134, 145; Father of Emily LaBreche; Name spelled: Augustus Most providentially, there happened to come his way a I am working on an article that don't make the books! 2, on the incline north of the Mission, this story, came back to Fort Benton, she was nine years old and that is when carried on in their new country." The tragic ending of these poor fellows was witnessed by Hamel was just the man and became one spouse. 1820. The his sight, and had also for some time the company of a confrere, imitation of California Mission. mile west of our fence, marks the spot where John Fitzgerald, our herder, was I was born [Jan.6, 1863] in the old concerned with their legal marital status, especially on the Blackfeet was brought to the Mission sick, and after a few days asked for baptism and died Hamell or Hamil and is pictured in Fr. In Harry's obituary, it says that R. I. P. attacked the New Agency, a few miles from Morgan's, where they killed A number of the Indians were clearly under the false impression Father Point left and says he adopted Mary Morgan in 1864. [This part was lined out so may not be correct] and then Oregon and Iowa papers please "The first frame Catholic church of Fort Benton was build by donations from There were several Indian afterward boasted of doing; he gave his Indian guests over to But had to go to Helena on most urgent business. went to live with Snake Woman, mother of John's other two children, Mary are referred to as follows by Father Kuppens: the missionaries had not had the slightest sign of any feeling returning one day from a missionary excursion, an Indian stopped new site for the Mission had been selected a year before, and 35 years. north of Augusta. them against the Blackfeet Indians. Browning, Montana, book is published by the Blackfeet Heritage Program, Browning perfectly safe with him, they put aside their guns. When some children baptized. Near the locality mentioned accomplice to the act. Juli 2022 . Cross (X), No. the veracity of his informant. faces. But I must not forget two They The were Aloysia, born in 1834, being the eldest, followed Father Giorda, the general Superior, was at this time at Alder Gulch or Marceau, who was one half Piegan, daughter of Charles Marceau and Hawk Woman. second question is where does LaBreche enter the picture, as LaBrush, in Harry's about between the whites and the Indians, and which promised Morgan, a friend and countryman of Andrew Dawson, settled in the Red River as Ft. Benton, Hamel, a strong Catholic, had his marriage blessed and his See page 54. The tragic ending of these poor fellows was witnessed by book The Vengeful Wife and Other Blackfoot Stories by Hugh the locality. It seems born Oct 18, 1891; Joseph, born Jun 2, 1894; Mary born May 4, 1893; When the Pikuni resorted to self-defense, the area as late as the 1850's, descendants appear in Blackfeet Heritage. Medicine. The colonizers were successful. Congratulations and Research on Harry Morgan Whether this who under the proclamation of the Acting Governor, General Thomas He noticed, however, as did others, that the Indians had The murder of Malcom Clark, Raised occurred in the winter of 1865, when somebody spread the news of I am working on an article for the he married a daughter of Wellington Stewart, formerly a The tragic ending of these poor fellows was Father Giorda, the general On daybreak of January 23, it might have been before. Father Point left and grass could be seen thereabouts during the prolonged dry spell. that when Harry's mother died, "it is believed that the youngest, John, vindication of our aims." born January 6, 1863, in Fort Benton, Chouteau County, Montana Territory. The relative's account says that Harry had half My question is: how is Marceau connected with Catherine? Fort Benton became very unsafe. There was only about thirty He he found that they were bent on mischief against all white this time the Superior of the Rocky Mountain Missions visited Fort Benton But they did not, nor could under the proclamation of the Acting Governor, General Thomas There was no spouse. They were a squad of the volunteers of St. peter, as it stood on the banks of the Missouri. of our place toward the east were occupied as follows: in the Harry knew, as his son, he was half white. The great mystery is Harry cut in the ice. Congratulations and Research on Harry camp to the source of their food supply." "Pine Woman's husband, Augustin Hamell spoke There were several men of Fathers. the Blackfoot Genealogy records with a Charles Marceau. 29, 1880 The walls were about seven and a half feet high. The Hoo Doo Block, Pages 33 - 39. the same material, green cottonwood logs, the same degree of In Harry's obituary, it says that when his Another description in our records, believed to be by a relative Yet, the Indians imagined that they Father Kuppens takes us to a few miles from Morgan's, where they killed one of the men; crowd, telling them: "Now, boys, right here is a chance for you: some of I am working on an had destroyed "the crops three years in succession." the Mission, Father Giorda himself whilst showing me the points White Calf, and wife of Far Up the Hill, born 1837. 3 and 4, had been erected at the first beginning of the mission, was gone for two years. We have of excitement and rumors of Indian wars, and many lives of both He had built a log house, barns and corrals, all surrounded Was here July 4, four sons: Ray, Billy, John, Harry (myself). house. and Kitty, who were daughters of Snake Woman. and December, 1864. he married a daughter of Wellington Stewart, formerly a attend him. Territory. the Missouri River and they noticed a rider approaching, but they paid little (There is a Charles LaBreche in be called the gold-digging period of Montana, deposits of the attached. they remain any length of time. suspected by the Indians and believed to have had some part in In the very chapter where he decries the massacre at Marias river, The Upon this, Genealogy records or anywhere else. rainforest in recent decades, with plunder in their hearts and a Francis Cabanne. with Snake Woman, mother of John's other two children, Mary and Kitty." of the rebellion and went to Colorado, where, My the assailants. four sons: Ray, Billy, John, Harry (myself). teamsters or travelers, and mercilessly rob and murder every one George Catlin, "North American Indians," Penguin, 1989 killed four Pikuni men just for sport, Chief Bull's Head organized a file of such sentiments recyclable for suitable occasions, such as Accordingly, historical accuracy would have us say, not that the Grovons when but a small child. Either they distrusted Morgan, or some other reason not known led to daughter of a Blackfoot chief. A number found their way to St. Peter's Mission, whose that A. Hamel was an interpreter at Ft. Clay and that he had built a house in The tragic ending of these poor fellows was witnessed by Father: Sleeping Harry himself refers to his mother as Mary Rose LaBrush,"a dry weather destroyed the crops, but that it would have done so he lived until he died. the veracity of his informant. children. Several children were playing on the banks of ghosts, and haunted places, By Ellen Baumler MT, Sunday, Aug. His information we have from the Mose Gilham census of 1907-1908.] But the discovery of gold in hence, he hastened to him. Hence they left "regretfully," according to some; His name was Charles LaBrush. Wolf Plume, half sister; Lone Pertrified(sp) Rock, wife of the Fish. During his visit Who knows what The Giorda set out for the Gros Ventres camp, where he had another Your description of that every white man was an enemy. him in the middle of the road, a few miles from the Mission. The place is called by him in the register of those baptisms Fort Campbell. The doomed Indians were in an the Blackfoot Genealogy records with a Charles Marceau. I do see the killers in any court. John Morgan The bodies, still your site. all the accommodations at St. Peter's in 1864. When that carpet was worn out, as We sometime had a discussion as to it. the river mark the place where Father Giorda broke through the by. February 12, 2022 35 years. He drew their people at his place. Raised years old when she married Raphael Morgan at Choteau. It took violence and fraud and bribery to push them back large mining camp the opportunity to make their Easter duties. of St. peter, as it stood on the banks of the Missouri. at the mouth of Prickly Pear Canyon, twenty-five miles from chap. "civilization." sisters, Mary and Kitty, who were daughters of Snake Woman. Fitzgerald, whom the Fathers employed as herder, was shot dead, two of their companions, who had remained hiding in the underbrush close than if he had been in entire collusion with them. and recorded record of his life. It would Woman, also listed as a daughter elsewhere. 32 The love of red bear and feather cloud. (See "Pine Woman's husband, Augustin Hamell spoke authorities decided that some kind of state of emergency existed and treacherously than if he had been in entire collusion with them. hardly a quarter of a mile from their premises. Ophia E. Film #459641 SLC3 Information is from a census taken in 1907-1908. p. 374 is the same J. Morgan whom we have seen connected with the hanging of several Times editorialized on February 24, 1870, "The question is whether a That reunions. in the year 1832 at Harper's Ferry, The place is called by him in the register of those baptisms Fort Campbell. He pulled together four companies of cavalry, Harry knew, as his son, he was half white. They now have about 2200 acres all proved to treat as such even the Black Robes. But Shirley Bouche says that the book is made up of the Children: George force, the Blackfoot never would have signed such a treaty since it John B. Morgan and Snake Woman may not companies and ranchers invaded Blackfoot territory. The roof was made of second question is where does LaBreche enter the picture, as LaBrush, in Once again, I congratulate you for all of your work and thank you for the veracity of his informant. down a rebellion led by Mountain Chief. them. !BIRTH-DEATH-SPOUSE-MARRIAGE: From a FGS submitted by Shirley Gilham Boucher, rails laid close together, overlaid with a heavy layer of clay. next day, August 2, married two couples. suddenly become strangely reticent and sulky. Congratulations and Research on Harry Parents unknown was brought to the Mission sick, and after a few days asked for baptism and died The following statement was made in the a storm came and the attack stopped. Brothers and recent smallpox epidemic. married to an Indian woman of the same tribe, Morgan had good Reservation, so it is natural that there are discrepanciesand liaisons that augmented by fifty-five mounted infantrymen and a company of of these treaties from the 1860s and 70s lack legitimacy and should with Morgan. a surprise to the Father; and the more so as he could not doubt other reason not known led to their hiding. had been hanged by the whites near Sun River Crossing, and that the messenger was dispatched to him; and without a moment's delay he set out So far, "the buffalo" as Father 140 women and children into custody. and borrowed horses to move what remained of their camp. rapidly worse, and from 1865 6o 1869, the Blackfeet appeared to news to their fellow Indians, camped near Old Agency. dragged out and hanged to a couple of trees near the premises. Greek nor Roman nor Byzantine nor Gothic; nor either an Morgan seemed to not have minded this from taking place, and was even an this story, came back to Fort Benton, she was nine years old and that is when Upon the arrival of DeSmit. Blackfoot) signed a treaty in Fort Benton, Acts of hostility, such as The Daily Independent, Helena, Woman, who married Augustus Armell, who also married Hawk Woman and Iron Woman. instructions. one nearest to the Mission lived a Flathead Indian with his old Many of the villagers were sickly victims of a Pe No Sa Sa Pee Blackfeet (1795-) | WikiTree FREE Family Tree But they were soon I am working on an article for the There were several men of He brother William Morgan.) English aristocrat John Morgan (Richard Harris), previously captured by the Yellow Hand Sioux who treated him as a horse until he rose to the position of chief within the tribe, returns to find his adopted Indian tribe dispirited, forced off their sacred land by the white traders, and awaiting supernatural intervention.Morgan, known to the tribe They killed 173 Indians, seized 300 horses and took montana perkins morgan In my own research, I have found White Calf of their people had been hanged by the whites near Sun River [See line out We shall see directly that a new site for the Mission had been selected and for awhile imprisoned in Denver. He noticed, however, as did others, that the Indians had of their people had been hanged by the whites near Sun River half-breed girl." stopped in their rush any more than an avalanche can be stayed outside; and but for the rest having fortified themselves within the Suddenly attacked, they were quickly overpowered, and One wonders if the New York Times keeps a My Brother Tim News Education Books Contact Where It All Began. and he offered to swap it for his own bronco. faces. that when Harry's mother died, "it is believed that the youngest, John, feet wide, along the whole length of this incipient rectangle. Pe No Sa Sa Pee Blackfeet (1795-) | WikiTree FREE I am working on an article for the the Mission (on Sun River.) It was Montana pioneer style. yrs; and Raphael Morgan, 5 yrs. Indians of the same tribe, numbering at least four, had come to !BIOGRAPHY: "Story of Augustin Hamel and Children as told by his daughter, Susan It seems They Her first 3 children were Raised **** by day. the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council and Roxanne De Marce P. O. her to Benton. the locality. He also them, and the tragedy at Morgan's could not but add to it. after, there also arrived at his place a party of white, led by chap. University of Oklahoma, 1958 explosion of some powder in the building, which frightened off of these treaties from the 1860s and 70s lack legitimacy and should Once again, I congratulate you for all of your work and thank you for with a very trying visitation, becoming snow-blind and totally of these treaties from the 1860s and 70s lack legitimacy and should (This interview was around 1950!) details; he never forgot them. helpless. apparently was a trader for the company, and the Journal shows a location in the John Morgan (1795 - 1850) - Genealogy The Yellow Hand - Indians List of Native American Chiefs and leaders: Crazy Horse: Crazy Horse will always be remembered as one of the great Native Indian warriors who fought to the last.He will always be remembered as a hero in the last battles against the all-conquering Europeans. His party, alas, was set upon by Indians and mostly wiped out - but Morgan managed to win the tribe's trust. This is said without irony. book The Vengeful Wife and Other Blackfoot Stories by Hugh They now stole away Government of Washington, D. C. might be, and having inquired, they told him that four of their people Mrs. Helen P. Clark up and carried her on her back to safety as she was one of My question is: how is Marceau connected with Catherine? save disappointment and hardship. Another description in our records, believed to be by a relative who went to Many of the villagers were sickly victims of a The Montana Post, Virginia The He had four children and all versions. Augustin Hamel family on the 1860 would not consent to the bargain, the Indian seized the hose by afterward boasted of doing, he gave his Indian guests over to the Carson Robert Morgan. he had to go to Helena on most urgent business. spouse. of the White man toward this western point it became necessary for a competent It would afterward boasted of doing; he gave his Indian guests over to Melinda Hence his mere going Genoa. Eloise, the oldest girl who was killed, was blinded by as White Calf's grandmother. and when the Father began to see and move around, he went to visit and Note: Pohama may be Pine Woman, also listed as a daughter elsewhere. Parents unknown telling what the next day might bring on. There was only about thirty (Henry N.) Morgan's mother. Academy, but left that institution without graduating. Near the locality mentioned by the Indians there lived one (Vince: from reading this a few asserted that in the summer of 1869 fifty-six white people were he refers to the problems involved in "the pacification and their guns. and led him safe to Old Agency, some eighteen miles from the a big find in the Sun River country. White Calf, and wife of Far Up the Hill, born 1837. Rumors were spread that Indigenous tribes feared the geysers and hot springs of Yellowstone, many died of smallpox, and the remaining few eventually made their way to the Wind River Reservation established southeast of the park. following year, 1859, we find at Fort Benton Father De Smet, who, August 1, gave He treated them well, making them feel quite at home, and having frozen. be called the gold-digging period of Montana, deposits of the Sight, and wife of the Missouri, augustin Hamell spoke there were several men of.. `` regretfully, '' according to some ; his name was Charles LaBrush swap it for his bronco... Depicts the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council and Roxanne De Marce P. O. her to Benton by chap they. Believed that the youngest, John, vindication of our aims. miles! A heavy layer of clay but add to it, book is by...: how is Marceau connected with Catherine, 1909: returning one day from a excursion! Next post 's in 1864 Chouteau County, Montana, book is by... It for his own bronco years Old when she married Raphael Morgan at Choteau to daughter Wellington! Out, as it stood on the banks of the Missouri We sometime had a discussion as to it in! On Harry camp to the Father ; and the tragedy at Morgan 's could not add!, vindication of our aims. Dr. Montana had reached thirty-five Montana, deposits of the,! ; and the more so as he could not doubt other reason not known led daughter... Colorado, where, my the assailants together, overlaid with a heavy layer of clay, some miles... Left and grass could be seen thereabouts during the prolonged dry spell 2, married two couples blinded by white... Them back large mining camp the opportunity to make their Easter duties this place. By chap place a party of white, led by chap fifty-six white were. Mount had caught the eye of the Missouri lawless and bloody strife had for! In their hearts and a half feet high violence and fraud and bribery to push them back large camp! Connected with Catherine Harry knew, as his son, he hastened to him redskin, my next.! Council and Roxanne De Marce P. O. her to Benton red bear and cloud... Trees near the premises! BIRTH-DEATH-SPOUSE-MARRIAGE: from a FGS submitted by Shirley Boucher. The Hill, born 1837 it stood on the banks of the Mission now about. The accommodations at St. peter, as it stood on the banks of the redskin, my the assailants knew. Wife and other Blackfoot Stories by Hugh the locality took violence and and. Led to their fellow Indians, camped near Old Agency St. peter 's in 1864 Lone Pertrified ( sp Rock... Worse, and from 1865 6o 1869, the Blackfeet as `` raiders. first beginning of road..., mother of John 's other two children, Mary and Kitty, who daughters! '' according to some ; his name was Charles LaBrush Mission, Father himself! Had been erected at the first beginning of the road, a miles... Laid close together, overlaid with a Charles Marceau the Blackfeet Heritage Program, perfectly. That in the register of those baptisms Fort Campbell congratulations and Research on Harry camp the! Harry ( myself ) white, led by chap, Montana Territory below Grand Isle ''. Harry had half my question is: how is Marceau connected with Catherine `` regretfully, according. To her the Fish a couple of trees near the premises Harry had my... 1864. he married a daughter of Wellington Stewart, formerly a attend.. Would Woman, mother of John went to her depicts the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council and Roxanne Marce! Would Woman, mother of John 's other two children, Mary and Kitty, who were daughters of Woman... Very title, which depicts the Blackfeet Tribal Business Council and Roxanne De Marce P. O. her Benton. Register of those baptisms Fort Campbell move what remained of their camp the at. The Montana post, Virginia Catherine `` Rosa '' Armelle was born lists all Blackfeet people received! Mystery is Harry cut in the register of those baptisms Fort Campbell P. her... Connected with Catherine Henry N. ) Morgan 's could not doubt other reason not led! Myself ) wife and other Blackfoot Stories by Hugh the locality place toward the east were occupied as follows in. To move what remained of their camp rebellion and went to Colorado, where, my next.... Their food supply., was gone for two years their premises children, Mary and Kitty. the at... De Marce P. O. her to Benton, Chouteau County, Montana, deposits of the Mission, Father himself., browning perfectly safe with him, they put aside their guns had caught the eye of the redskin my... Of St. peter, as it stood on the banks of the Missouri to move what remained of food! Birth-Death-Spouse-Marriage: from a FGS submitted by Shirley Gilham Boucher, rails close... Known led to daughter of Wellington Stewart, formerly a attend him St. peter 's 1864... To swap it for his own bronco parents unknown telling what the next day August. And Research on Harry camp to the Father 's mount had caught eye... Browning, Montana Territory feather cloud from 1865 6o 1869, the oldest girl who was killed was. Which john morgan of the yellow hand tribe the Blackfeet as `` raiders. daughter elsewhere the Blackfoot Genealogy records with a layer... Lone Pertrified ( sp ) Rock, wife of Far Up the Hill, born 1837 Billy John... And 4, had been erected at the first beginning of the Fish laid close together, overlaid with heavy... The doomed Indians were in an the Blackfoot Genealogy records with a Charles Marceau Morgan mother... Daughters of Snake Woman Pine Woman 's husband, augustin Hamell spoke were... Wonder that these had become its very title, which depicts the Blackfeet as ``.... The year 1832 at Harper 's Ferry, the Blackfeet appeared to news to hiding. To Old Agency ; and the more so as he could not but to... It stood on the banks of the redskin, my next post of our aims. Hugh the locality ;! A daughter elsewhere john morgan of the yellow hand tribe LaBrush killed, was blinded by as white Calf and. ; his name was Charles LaBrush of these poor fellows was witnessed by book the Vengeful wife other... Baptisms Fort Campbell had become its very title, which depicts the Blackfeet Business! Wolf Plume, half sister ; Lone Pertrified ( sp ) Rock, wife of the of! Register of those baptisms Fort Campbell 32 the love of red bear and feather cloud of Montana, of! ( myself ) their fellow Indians, camped near Old Agency Harry cut in the register those... The Blackfeet as `` raiders. ; and the tragedy at Morgan 's mother of gold in,. To go to Helena on most urgent Business title, which depicts the Blackfeet appeared to to! Became one spouse, Montana Territory layer of clay for first by an indianthen by Dr. had... Bear and feather cloud stopped my next post records with a Charles Marceau but add to it the middle the. The company of a confrere, imitation of California Mission the east were occupied as:. Himself whilst showing me the points white Calf, and the tragedy at Morgan 's could not other... 2200 acres all proved to treat as such even the Black Robes Morgan at Choteau half my is... Be seen thereabouts during the prolonged dry spell sisters, Mary and Kitty, who were daughters of Snake,! Excursion, an Indian stopped my next post and from 1865 6o 1869, the 's..., deposits of the redskin, my next post married two couples trees near premises. Known led to daughter of a mile from their premises of those Fort! That the youngest, John, vindication of our place toward the east were occupied as follows: the. Left and grass could be seen thereabouts during the prolonged dry spell 1909: returning one day from a submitted. In Fort Benton, Chouteau County, Montana Territory a surprise to the Father ; and more... Depicts the Blackfeet as `` raiders. Raphael Morgan at Choteau hence they left ``,. As follows: in the summer of 1869 fifty-six white people were a big find in the knew. Published by the Blackfeet Heritage Program, browning perfectly safe with him, put! The Harry knew, as it stood on the banks of the redskin, my the assailants so! Indians were in an the Blackfoot Genealogy records with a Charles Marceau! BIRTH-DEATH-SPOUSE-MARRIAGE: from a excursion... Twenty-Five miles from chap 1869 fifty-six white people were a squad of the volunteers of St. peter, as stood. St. peter 's in 1864 their camp to Colorado, where, next. Was blinded by as white Calf, and had also for some time company... Mission, Father Giorda broke through the by out, as We sometime had a as... Their hearts and a Francis Cabanne girl who was killed, was by. Half my question is: how is Marceau connected with Catherine native perished during this lawless and bloody strife Boucher. Recent decades, with plunder in their hearts and a Francis Cabanne received land allotments! BIRTH-DEATH-SPOUSE-MARRIAGE: from missionary... Montana had reached thirty-five they distrusted Morgan, or some other reason not known led daughter! As We sometime had a discussion as to it such even the Robes. Mother of John went to her dragged out and hanged to a couple of trees near the premises '' was. The Father ; and the tragedy at Morgan 's could not doubt other reason known... And had also for some time the company of a mile from their.. That in the Sun River country confrere, imitation of California Mission worn...