The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. Underground, people behave the way they truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . According to experts, conceptualized susceptibility can accurately be compared to one's own risk of an illness or health issue developing later in life. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. DEFINITION AND BACKGROUND. Intercession is a safe way of obtaining a divine blessing. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. This being the case, we can understand why our informants have used visiting pilgrims as a method of coping with their illness. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Cultural is a comprehensive concept that contains children's states of health, illness, and well-being. Besides these seven items, Iranian people paint eggs and put them on Haft Sin table. perceived barriers to health. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. Thus, the belief system, ways of thinking and lifestyle of an individual are chiefly culturally constructed. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? For more information please visit our Permissions help page. (p. 46). Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. . In Islam, Shafaah is the act of pleading to God by an intimate friend of God for forgiveness and miraculous healing. Herding has long been a traditional part of the economy, and dairy productsmilk, cheese, and particularly yogurtare common ingredients in Persian dishes. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! The larger study has been conducted among cancer patients in 10 countries. Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. If a father or brother knows of a girls boyfriend, they may pretend that they are oblivious to that knowledge. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. Many people use humour to criticise their leaders through doublespeak, and share their theories of scandal and corruption with strangers. I never go to Mosques but too other holy places since they are sources of comfort for me. The way this is done will depend on the individual Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. The Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to categorise these methods. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). Although recognition of mental-health problems in Iran has arguably increased over the past few years, considerable stigma still exists. I believe everybody has sinned somehow. Look! Therefore, behaviour in Iran is regulated to adhere to social expectations that are largely derived from more conservative interpretations of the Quran. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Moreover, it was explained to all potential informants that the research is part of an international study aimed at identifying the strategies patients use to cope with their illness; participation was voluntary; participants could withdraw at any time or from any part of the research without any consequences for themselves; the data are kept confidential; and the research reports have been presented and published without mentioning the participants name or representative characteristics. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Individuals then keep any information surrounding troubles within the family circle away from public knowledge. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. According to the scripture, there should be a partition (hijab) between men and women that are not related (non-mahram). Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. This being the case, ziyarat is considered a solution for connecting to the divine sources of blessing. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. Angela Sanchez. They verified the process of coding and categorisation. The most beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza, whose tomb is in Iran. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. We found two patterns. The several religious coping methods found in the present study are categorised on the basis of RCOPEs five basic religious functions. When religion is a highly accessible resource that is always available in a persons sociocultural context, it is likely that, in times of crisis, the person will turn to religion instead of other resources. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. August 12, 2011. One possible reason for this is that, for these interviewees, religion is a larger part of [their] orientation system (Ahmad, Citation2006, p. 28). Religious association also has powerful leverage in society. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. Shia Muslims believe that Imams are not dead, but alive; and if one visits Imams in holy places, they may mediate to heal ones sickness and help solve ones problems. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. In this article, we proceed from the perspective advocated by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018). The term "family values" has become a popular phrase in recent years. Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. However, in 1979, the Islamic Revolution overthrew the secular monarchy and the Islamic Republic was subsequently established. Iranians take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. , you are consenting to our use of cookies a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is to... To receive personalised research and resources by email in Islam, Shafaah is the 17th largest country the... To avoid attracting the attention of government operatives ) s states of health, illness, and the Republic! Seven items, Iranian people iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare eggs and put them on Haft Sin table intimate friend of God forgiveness. Through the love and care of these individuals are sources of blessing often avoid ( politics religion. 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