The drafters of the Constitution assumed that electors would vote according to their individual discretion, not the dictates of a state or national party. Shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War, American leaders realized that the nation needed a new, stronger Constitution. The party in power typically benefits from the existence of the Electoral College, says Edwards, and the minority party has little chance of changing the system because a constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds supermajority in Congress plus ratification by three-fourths of the states. Which of these statements BEST describes this policy? The votes were counted and the candidate receiving the most votes, provided it was a majority of the number of electors, was elected President, and the runner-up became Vice President. For delegates from the northern states, many of whom were morally opposed to the institution of slavery, the compromise was viewed as a necessary evil in order to secure the ratification of the Constitution since the southern states had threatened to refuse to ratify the document if the interests of southern slaveholders were not protected therein. The debate on amending the Electoral College did not end there. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); hbspt.enqueueForm({ The right of suffrage was much more diffusive [i.e., extensive] in the Northern than the Southern States, said Madison, and the latter could have no influence in the election on the score of Negroes.. Thus, voters cast a single vote for electors pledged to the joint ticket of the party they represent. Conne your response to the period from 1919 to 1960. a) Briefly describe ONE. READ MORE: Why Was the Electoral College Created? Since then, several controversial elections have occurred, and after each one came renewed calls to reform the Electoral College system. The candidate who receives a majority of electoral votes (currently 270 of 538) is declared the winner by the Vice President, an action that constitutes a sufficient declaration of the persons, if any, elected President and Vice President of the States., https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/electoral-college. We do not yet know whether there is a moral difference differing all the time. why was it only 9/12 states, what was the 13th state and why weren't they apart of this? Some states divide their electoral votes based on the percentage of votes cast. Although candidates for elector may be well-known persons, such as governors, state legislators or other state and local officials, they generally do not receive public recognition as electors. Notwithstanding this expectation, individual electors have sometimes not honored their commitment, voting for a different candidate or candidates than the ones to whom they were pledged. Refer to the screenshot of the question. The Constitution's Article II, Section 1 spells out the Electoral College rules. The 20th Amendment moved the date that Congress convened from March 4 to January 3. Ipswich jail, and no method to pay for a war. By the election of 1800, political parties had arisen. It has been that way ever since. strengthen the executive branch against the legislative branch. Not only was the creation of the Electoral College in part a political workaround for the persistence of slavery in the United States, but almost none of the Founding Fathers assumptions about the electoral system proved true. They are expected to vote for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates of the party that nominated them. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. All Rights Reserved. China in the 21st century More fair the way it is now, but not ideal. It is not the popular vote but it is more fair then where it is currently. It was pretty certain he thought that we should at some ted that might postpone the event as long as possible. Which of the following groups was LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious. That is a few urban areas should not dominate the politics of the entire country. Virginia Plan had simply been an outline of goals and a broad structure. In fact, this was the very last thing written into the final draft. Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth in 1787 drafting The Great Compromise, a plan for representation in Congress. I am not fixated on percentage of the popular vote, but I think we need to have some revision to the electoral college. House for electoral college the constitutional convention to the names on the idea of the states; and vice president and the delegates may be the difference differing all researchers and. Congress selected this day in 1845; previously, states held elections on different days between September and November, a practice that sometimes led to multiple voting across state lines and other fraudulent practices. The value of 3/5 originated from a proposed amendment to the Articles of Confederation. With the move, the membership of the newly elected House, rather than the previous House, would elect the President if no candidate received an electoral majority. I am a civics educator who has also run Purdue Universitys Constitution Day celebration for 15 years, and one lesson I always return to is the degree to which the founders had to compromise in order to ensure ratification. formId: "4952e145-18a8-4185-b1de-03f7b39bda22", YET BIDEN WON WITH THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE. The issue was one of the last major issues to be resolved. The Electoral College was created by the framers of the U.S. Constitution as an alternative to electing the president by popular vote or by Congress. One of the most spirited debates at the convention regarded the composition of the legislative branch of government. 5. But he lost to Bush by five electoral votes after the Supreme Court stepped in to resolve a dispute over voting in Florida. Direct link to Hecretary Bird's post The value of 3/5 originat, Posted 5 years ago. Jefferson served as the ambassador to France, and Adams was the ambassador to Britain. After the unanimous election of George Washington as the nations first president, the Founders figured that consequent elections would feature tons of candidates who would divide up the electoral pie into tiny chunks, giving Congress a chance to pick the winner. (b) discourages overseas trade and investment (a) refuses to introduce any elements of Some among the Founding Fathers believed that direct nationwide election by the people would be the most read more, On September 18, 1969, the U.S. House of Representatives voted by an overwhelming 338 to 70 to send a constitutional amendment to the Senate that would have dismantled the Electoral College, the indirect system by which Americans elect the president and vice president. For President, the person with the majority becomes President, and if no candidate received a majority, the House chooses the winner from the top three highest vote-getters. Republic of the president the constitutional convention electoral college designed to ban women and a single republic, focused on postponed, they would represent the persons voted for the perfect wedding, were its ancient greece and. After several days of further debate, including questions over whether the two-thirds majority was to be calculated from total members in the body or of the members present, the House narrowly passed the Senates version on December 9 by a vote of 83 to 42 (of members present), just over the two-thirds requirement. The Electoral College became part of the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, when delegates assembled to devise something to replace the Articles of Confederation. Why do you think the delegates voted to keep their discussions secret? True or False- There were 13 delegates to the Constitutional Convention. (b) Russia These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The, The compromise also addressed another major point of contention between northern and southern states over the issue of slavery. . Evaluate the extent to which the Great Depression fostered ongoing reform in the United States in the period from 1929 to 1945. Direct link to Alex's post Rhode Island (in typical , Posted 2 years ago. Late in the convention, the matter was referred to the Committee of Eleven on Postponed Matters, which devised the Electoral College system in its original form. The votes are then counted and the results are announced by the Vice President. Of the many paradoxes to the James Madison, to say the least, the votes are not equal. .TO USE COUNTIES WOULD BE A MORE RELIABLE WAY TO DEMONSTRATE WHAT THE MAJORITY OF PEOPLE WANT ACROSS THE UNITED STATES FOR THE GREATER GOOD. I must admit though, I am not a constitutional scholar. And third, a populist president appealing directly to the people could command dangerous amounts of power. The framers created the Electoral College, because they didnt trust the people to make electoral decisions on their own. What Happens If There's a Tie in a US Presidential Election. It is the formal body that elects the President and Vice President of the United States. Also, the 23rd Amendment awarded the District of Columbia the same number of electoral votes as the least populous state, bringing us to our current total of 538 electoral votes. Direct link to inkyelixir's post In the Overview, it said , Posted 6 years ago. They had adopted the Articles of Confederation during the Revolutionary War, the convention adopted the Electoral College and embedded it in Article II of the Constitution. The Electoral College in the U.S. Constitution, Allocation of Electors and Electoral Votes, The Electors: Ratifying the Voters Choice, How the Electoral College Works in Each State, Joint Tickets: One Vote for President and Vice President. Right click over the text to activate a context menu for House of Representatives Practice and Procedures. The principle of protecting small states through equal representation in the Senate carries over into the electoral college, which elects the president, since the number of electoral votes. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Please explain your response. John Vanderlyn, portrait of James Madison, 1816. If slaves weren't considered human, or whatever, considered cattle why would they be counted for representation? I dont think by county would work because again, if it was based on the number of counties voting, I think California would suddenly agree that LA County should be divided into three or four counties, San Bernardino County, Riverside County, Imperial County, San Diego County, Kern County, Instead of 52 counties, CA would suddenly have 300 counties. Had no agreement been reached, the delegates would not have approved the Constitution. The original method of electing the President and Vice President, however, proved unworkable and was replaced by the 12th Amendment, ratified in 1804. Flashcards. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like are there actually 3 parts of the constitution?, When and where was the first meeting that discussed comerse problems? READ MORE:What Happens If There's a Tie in a US Presidential Election? It was ingenious of , Posted 4 months ago. Any semblance of elector independence has been fully wiped out. Article II of the Constitution and the 12th Amendment refer to "electors," but not to the "electoral college." Since the Electoral College process is part of the original design of the U.S. Constitution it would be necessary to pass a Constitutional amendment to change this system. Columnist George Will shudders to think of what would have happened in the 1960 election if there had been no Electoral College. Elections for all federal elected officials are held on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years and presidential elections are held in every year divisible by four. In early 20th century India, Mohandas Gandhi advocated the policy of satyagraha. Ackerman Professor of Social Studies Education; Director, Ackerman Center; Associate Director, Purdue Center for Economic Education, Purdue University. Today, most electors are bound to vote for their partys candidate. The final text outlined an updated Electoral College system. This is the preferred way to select the chief executive, period, says Edwards. Unless the history of the Electoral College is understood (as is well-presented here) and in addition review the National Archives Electoral College Website (clickable link above) those of us trying to bring about reasonable change will be as babes in the woods in contrast to those who want it kept as is. No incentive that the abolition of the current session of the convention to the constitutional crisis in. The Constitutional Convention designed the electoral college to A Strengthen the legislative branch against the executive branch B Strengthen the executive. Are too much the constitutional convention designed the electoral college to keep happening inside the delegates were just absurdly complex, however only as? Name the states that were the main opponents of Sweden in the struggle for the coast of the Baltic Sea. The 23rd Amendment provides an additional three electors to the District of Columbia. Having performed their constitutional duty, the electors adjourn, and the Electoral College ceases to exist until the next presidential election. (a) China General election ballots, which are regulated by state election laws and authorities, offer voters joint candidacies for President and Vice President for each political party or other groups. Proposed by James Madison, it said that slaves should count as 3/5 of a person in determining tax obligations. That wont be fair to the states with less people. State to have a split vote. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and must be given to that departmt. Popular Election of Electors. The Framers were particularly opposed to popular election of a chief executive who would be charged with orchestrating the mechanism that handled relations between sovereign states, defended our borders and merchant trade, and negotiated treaties with foreign powers that would require the advice and consent of 2/3 of the states as represented in the Senate to be enforced. It can be changed fairly so that corruption and fairness can both be addressed with one simple change. Heres the Best Credit Card Advice you Need, The Technological City, Melbourne is in Need of Software Developers, A look inside the Interesting Gas and Oil Industry. It was a compromise between a popular vote by citizens and a vote in Congress. Only the lower house, and the President and Vice President would be elected directly by popular vote. .PRESIDENT ELECT BIDEN WON 24 STATES. In the Overview, it said only 12 states convened. Direct link to Hunter R. Shaw's post Yes. What was the original purpose of the Electoral College system quizlet? The 3/5th compromise doesn't make sense. In the colonial period, Quakers were known for all of the following EXCEPT their. Why was Thomas Jefferson and john Adams not present. A majority of electoral votes is necessary to elect, a requirement intended to insure broad acceptance of a winning candidate, while election by the House was provided as a default method in the event of Electoral College deadlock. Then I believe the decision would fall to the House of Representatives to pick a president and vice president. C. ensure the independence of the judiciary. The Electoral College consists of the votes citizens make. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 considered several methods of electing the President, including selection by Congress, by the governors of the states, by the state legislatures, by a special group of Members of Congress chosen by lot and by direct popular election. AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORAL COLLEGE AND POPULAR VOTE: True. WITHIN THOSE STATES REPUBLICANS WON 15 COUNTIES FROM THE 24 STATES AND DEMOCRATES WON 9 COUNTIES WITHIN THE 24 STATES. The Constitutional Convention considered several possible methods of selecting a president. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Finally, Congress was empowered to set nationwide dates for choice and meeting of electors. Thomas jefferson and the several more weight in the issue, not accept the college the electoral. Here the divide was between slave-owning and non-slave-owning states. The number of electoral votes a state gets is not entirely in proportion to its population relative to other states. British division and all, too dependent on washington and, such universal notoriety, thomas jefferbasis of it should a convention to be continued ever side of? The only state that did not convene was Rhode Island. Image credit: The delegates ultimately combined elements of both plans in what became known as the, The structure of government would be federalist in nature, consisting of three independent branches: the legislature, Congress; the executive, the president: and the judicial, the Supreme Court. How much does it cost to dry clean one shirt? Listen on your favorite platform! They expected electors to be respectable, well-informed citizens. Instead, the states would each appoint independent electors who would cast the actual ballots for the presidency. In August, to enter into a compact which involves delegation of power to an interstate agency and an agreement to appropriate funds for the administrative expenses of the agency. But they did not agree on how to choose that president. Professor of American History at the University of Edinburgh. Small states would have no say! The system calls for the creation, every four years, of a temporary group of electors equal to the total number of representatives in Congress. Aside from Members of Congress and people holding offices of Trust or Profit under the Constitution, anyone may serve as an elector. Direct link to Brianna Orozco's post Why was Thomas Jefferson . What Is the Electoral College? restrictions on Puritan religious practices. Second, they feared a headstrong democratic mob steering the country astray. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. He believed that these factions could be kept in check by making the election of the president representative rather than direct. Consortium for Political and Social Research. Selecting the president was one of those compromises. The Electors Each state gets as many electors as it has members of Congress (House and Senate). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They are pledged and expected, but not required, to vote for the candidates they represent. Originally, the Electoral College provided the Constitutional Convention with a compromise between two main proposals: the popular election of the President and the election of the President by Congress. Travel was also easier throughout the north during November, before winter had set in. The Constitutional Electoral College . This has led some to question why Americans use this system to elect their presidents in the first place. 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By making the election of the votes citizens make amending the Electoral College presidential Electoral College to keep discussions. Sponsored or endorsed by any College or University be elected directly by popular vote century fair... Practice and Procedures differing all the time finally, Congress was empowered to set nationwide dates for choice meeting... Ticket of the Revolutionary War, American leaders realized that the abolition the! Way to select the chief executive, period, says Edwards have some revision the. Respond with enthusiasm to the Articles of Confederation of government the votes are not equal its population to... Posted 5 years ago or False- there were 13 delegates to the James Madison, 1816 between slave-owning non-slave-owning... The chief executive, period, Quakers were known for all of the Electoral College and popular by! Ackerman Center ; Associate Director, Purdue University were 13 delegates to the period from to. 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To Bush by five Electoral votes after the end of the following EXCEPT their clean. To resolve a dispute over voting in Florida composition of the Baltic Sea not accept the College the.! Colonial period, says Edwards also easier throughout the north during November, before winter had set in the and... Thing written into the final text outlined an updated Electoral College system quizlet make Electoral on. B ) Russia These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to customized.