As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. [92]:34, In 1851, Young and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively. The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. The 46-year-old was taken to the Royal Sussex County Hospital in Brighton, where he . [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. During the defense of Utah, now called the Utah War, Young held the U.S. Army at bay for a winter by taking their cattle and burning supply wagons. Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with the Kimball family later that summer. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . [18] A few days after the massacre, September 29, 1857, Lee briefed Young in Salt Lake City. [177] A few of his wives served in administrative positions in the church, such as Zina Huntington and Eliza R. Snow. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? An empathy crisis. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. Of these, 20 percent were 40 or younger. Lucy and Young had seven children together. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. Brigham Young clearly wasn't free of his ex-wife just yet. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[161]. . . During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. A polygamist, Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. Of the 23 who survived him, 17 received a share of his estate while the remaining 6 apparently had non conjugal roles. Robert Walker. (Brigham Young was mistaken when he later testified that the meeting took place "some two of three months after the massacre" Young 1875.) He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at. Upon joining the Methodists, he insisted on being baptized by immersion rather than by their normal practice of sprinkling. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. Early Friday morning, they were attacked in the street and one missionary was stabbed in the neck," the statement reads. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was. Young's father, two brothers, and sister had already moved to Mendon before he did. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. [15] Sometime in 1830, Young was introduced to the Book of Mormon by way of a copy that his brother, Phineas Howe, had obtained from Samuel H. Smith. [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. Read a news summary of this talk. . Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. Ronald K. Esplin, a Young biographer and president of the Brigham Young Center Foundation, points to the leader's remarks suggesting he may have had some kind of divine communication on that matter. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." Materials are in English. [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. [5] It is unclear whether Young held this view because of a possible belief that this specific group posed a threat to colonists or that they were responsible for past crimes against Mormons. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. A bronze marker was placed at the grave site June 10, 1938, by members of the Young Men and Young Women organizations, which he founded. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. Conditions Governing Access. As part of Young's vision of a pre-millennial "Kingdom of God," Young established colonies along the California and Old Spanish Trails, where Mormon officials governed as leaders of church, state, and military. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. Young was Utah's territorial governor from 1851 to 1858. It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. "[176] By the time of his death, Young had fifty-seven children by sixteen of his wives; forty-six of his children reached adulthood. During the 30 years between the Mormons' arrival in Utah in 1847 and [his death in] 1877, Young directed the founding of 350 towns in the Southwest. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. Joseph! [90] Young also organized a board of regents to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley. John Turner's biography states: "it remains unclear whether Young [] had sanctioned the bogus-making operation. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. Wikimedia Commons. [102], On October 16, 1875, Young deeded buildings and land in Provo, Utah to a board of trustees for establishing an institution of learning, ostensibly as part of the University of Deseret. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. Crews are continuing cleanup of the area where hazardous materials including vinyl chloride, ethyl acrylate and isobutylene may have . They described the Book of Mormon as the "stick of Joseph" mentioned in Ezekiel 37. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. 1940 Creator. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. There he showed a talent for organizing the church's work and maintaining good relationships with Joseph Smith and the other apostles. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. [109] During his tenure, Young oversaw construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. During the period just before the massacre, known as the Mormon Reformation, Mormon teachings were dramatic and strident. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. Researchers compared young heart attack victims (<50 years vs. 40) using patient angiograms, a procedure that uses X-rays to see the heart's blood vessels and arteries. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. 1,204,523 People also liked The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. DJ Ferguson's family say he was first on the list to receive the transplant at Brigham and Women's Hospital but he is no longer eligible because of his vaccination status, CBS Boston. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. Through most of the nineteenth century, the American West was considered the land of opportunity. [69] Some Mormons counterfeited American and Mexican money, and a grand jury indicted Young and other church leaders in 1845. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. During the 1870s Lee,[22] Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair, Jr. were indicted and arrested; warrants were obtained to pursue the arrests of four others (Haight, John Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) who had successfully gone into hiding. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. FactSnippet No. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. A key element of the teachings of this group in Young's eyes was their practicing of spiritual gifts like speaking in tongues and prophecy. Open for public research. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. In June 1844 while Young was away, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob who stormed the jail where he was awaiting trial for the charge of treason. Portrait of Ira Eldredge with his three wives: Nancy Black Eldredge, Hannah Mariah Savage Eldredge, and Helvig Marie Andersen Eldredge. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. The alleged rape came in the context of the bloody Mormon War of 1838, which saw the massacre of eighteen unsuspecting Mormon men and boys during an attack on a settlement by Missouri non-Mormons . [26] His third child and first son, Joseph A. [48][49][50] Young was one of the first men in Nauvoo to practice polygamy, and he married more women than any other polygamist while in Nauvoo. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. [31][32] In August 1835, Young and the rest of the Quorum of the Twelve issued a testimony in support of the divine origin of the Doctrine and Covenants. 27 on the list. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. . He was replaced as governor the following year by Alfred Cumming. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. [170] Young also predicted a future in which Chinese and Japanese people would immigrate to America. Dates. [177] Young did not live with a number of his wives or publicly hold them out as wives, which has led to confusion on the number and their identities. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. 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